Why Heated Steel Starts Shedding Layers! - Video

When steel is heated, those dark flakes falling off are known as Mill scale..They form when hot metal reacts with oxygen in the air—a process called Oxidation—creating a fragile outer layer on the surface. As the steel is hammered, this brittle layer cracks and breaks away, which can lead to material loss and reduce quality. To prevent this, blacksmiths use Borax, which helps reduce oxidation and protects the metal during the forging process.

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